A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Pfizerpen Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Penicillin G potassium
Pfizerpen Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Penicillin G potassium
SIDE EFFECTS
Penicillin is a substance
of low toxicity but
does have a significant index of sensitization. The following hypersensitivity
reactions have been reported: skin
rashes ranging from maculopapular
eruptions to exfoliative dermatitis; urticaria; and reactions resembling
serum sickness, including
chills, fever, edema,
arthralgia and prostration.
Severe and occasionally fatal analphylaxis has occurred (see WARNINGS).
Hemolytic anemia, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
nephropathy, and
neuropathy are rarely observed adverse reactions and are usually
associated with high intravenous dosage. Patients given continuous
intravenous therapy
with penicillin G potassium
in high dosage (10 million
to 100 million units daily) may suffer
severe or even fatal potassium
poisoning particularly
if renal insufficiency
is present. Hyperreflexia, convulsions, and coma may be indicative
of this syndrome.
Cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac
arrest may also occur.
(High dosage of penicillin
G sodium may result in
congestive heart failure
due to high sodium intake.)
The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
has been reported in patients treated for syphilis.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Concurrent administration
of bacteriostatic
antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, tetracycline) may diminish the
bactericidal effects
of penicillins by slowing the rate
of bacterial growth. Bactericidal agents work
most effectively against the immature
cell wall
of rapidly proliferating microorganisms. This has been demonstrated
in vitro; however, the clinical
significance of this interaction is not well documented. There are
few clinical situations
in which the concurrent use of ''static'' and ''cidal '' antibiotics
are indicated. However, in selected circumstances in which such
therapy is appropriate,
using adequate doses of antibacterial
agents and beginning penicillin therapy
first, should minimize the potential
for interaction.
Penicillin blood levels
may be prolonged by concurrent administration of probenecid
which blocks the renal
tubular secretion
of penicillins.
Displacement of penicillin
from plasma protein
binding sites will elevate
the level of free penicillin
in the serum.
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