A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Bactocill Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Oxacillin Sodium
Bactocill Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Oxacillin Sodium
SIDE EFFECTS
Body as a Whole
The reported incidence
of allergic reactions
to penicillin ranges
from 0.7 to 10 percent
(See WARNINGS). Sensitization
is usually the result of treatment
but some individuals have had immediate
reactions to penicillin
when first treated. In such
cases, it is thought that the patients may have had prior exposure
to the drug via trace
amounts present in milk
and vaccines.
Two types of allergic
reactions to penicillin
are noted clinically immediate and delayed .
Immediate reactions usually occur within 20 minutes of administration
and range in severity
from urticaria and
pruritus to angioneurotic
edema, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, hypotension, vascular
collapse, and death. Such immediate
anaphylactic reactions are very rare (See WARNINGS)
and usually occur after parenteral
therapy but have occurred in patients receiving oral
therapy. Another type of
immediate reaction,
an accelerated reaction may occur between 20 minutes and 48 hours
after administration and may include urticaria, pruritus, and fever.
Although laryngeal
edema, laryngospasm and hypotension
occasionally occur, fatality is uncommon.
Delayed allergic reactions
to penicillin therapy
usually occur after 48 hours and sometimes as late as 2 to 4 weeks
after initiation of therapy. Manifestations of this type
of reaction include
serum sickness-like symptoms
(ie, fever, malaise, urticaria, myalgia, arthralgia, abdominal
pain) and various skin
rashes. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, black
or hairy tongue and other symptoms of gastrointestinal
irritation may occur,
especially during oral
penicillin therapy.
Nervous System Reactions
Neurotoxic reactions similar to those observed with penicillin
Gy may occur with large
intravenous doses
of the penicillinase-resistant penicillins especially in patients
with renal insufficiency.
Urogenital Reactions
Renal tubular damage
and interstitial
nephritis have been
associated with the administration
of methicillin sodium
and infrequently with the administration of nafcillin and oxacillin.
Manifestations of this reaction may include rash, fever, eosinophilia,
hematuria, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency. Methicillin-induced
nephropathy does not appear to be dose-related and is generally
reversible upon prompt
discontinuation of therapy.
Gastrointestinal Reactions
Pseudomembranous colitis
has been reported with the use of Oxacillin Sodium (and other broad
spectrum antibiotics);
therefore, it is important to consider its diagnosis
in patients who develop diarrhea
in association with antibiotic
use.
Treatment with broad spectrum
antibiotics alters normal
flora of the colon and
may permit overgrowth
of clostridia. Studies indicate a toxin produced by Clostridium
difficile is one primary cause
of antibiotic-associated colitis. Cholestyramine and colestipol
resins have been shown to bind
the toxin in vitro.
Mild cases of colitis
may respond to drug discontinuance
alone.
Moderate to severe cases should be managed with fluid, electrolyte
and protein supplementation as indicated.
When the colitis is
not relieved by drug discontinuance
or when it is severe, oral
vancomycin is the treatment
of choice for antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis
produced by C. difficile. Other causes of colitis
should also be considered.
Metabolic Reactions
Agranulocytosis, neutropenia, and bone
wmarrow depression
have been associated with the use of methicillin sodium, nafcillin,
oxacillin, and cloxacillin. Hepatotoxicity characterized by fever,
nausea and vomiting
associated with abnormal liver
function tests, mainly
elevated SGOT levels, has
been associated with the use of oxacillin
and cloxacillin.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Tetracycline, a bacteriostatic
antibiotic, may antagonize the bactericidal effect of penicillin
and concurrent use of these drugs should be avoided.
top
