A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Unipen Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Nafcillin Sodium
Unipen Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Nafcillin Sodium
SIDE EFFECTS
Body as a Whole: The reported incidence
of allergic reactions
to penicillins ranges from 0.7 to 10 percent
(See WARNINGS). Sensitization
is usually the result of treatment
but some individuals have had immediate
reactions to penicillin
when first treated. In such
cases, it is thought that the patients may have had prior exposure
to the drug via trace
amounts present in milk
and vaccines.
Two types of allergic
reactions to penicillin
are noted clinically, immediate and delayed.
Immediate reactions usually occur within 20 minutes of administration
and range in severity
from urticaria and
pruritus to angioneurotic
edema, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, hypotension, vascular
collapse, and death. Such immediate
analphylactic reactions are very rare (See WARNINGS)
and usually occur after parenteral
therapy but have occurred in patients receiving oral
therapy. Another type of
immediate reaction
an accelerated reaction, may occur between 20 minutes and 48 hours
after administration and may include urticaria, pruritus
and fever. Although laryngeal
edema, laryngospasm, and hypotension
occasionally occur, fatality is uncommon.
Delayed allergic reactions
to penicillin therapy
usually occur after 48 hours and sometimes as late as 2 to 4 weeks
after initiation of therapy. Manifestations of this type
of reaction include
serum sickness-like symptoms
(i.e., fever, malaise, urticaria, myalgia, arthralgia, abdominal
pain) and various skin
rashes. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, black or hairy tongue,
and other symptoms of gastrointestinal
irritation may occur,
especially during oral
penicillin therapy.
Nervous System Reactions: Neurotoxic reactions similar to
those observed with penicillin
Gy may occur with large
intravenous doses
of the penicillinase-resistant penicillins especially in patients
with renal insufficiency.
Urogenital Reactions: Renal tubular
damage and interstitial
nephritis have been associated with the administration
of methicillin sodium
and infrequently with the administration
of nafcillin and oxacillin. Manifestations of this reaction
may include rash, fever, eosinolphilia hematuria, proteinuria, and
renal insufficiency. Methicillin-induced
nephropathy does not appear to be dose-related and is generally
reversible upon prompt
discontinuation of therapy.
Metabolic Reactions: Agranulocytosis, neutropenia, and bone
marrow depression have been associated with the use of methicillin
sodium, nafcillin, oxacillin and cloxacillin. Hepatotoxicity, characterized
by fever nausea, and vomiting
associated with abnormal
liver function
tests, mainly elevated SGOT levels, has been associated with the
use of oxacillin and
cloxacillin.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Tetracycline, a bacteriostatic
antibiotic, may antagonize the bactericidal effect of penicillin
and concurrent use of these drugs should be avoided.
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