A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Catapres Overdose, Contraindications and Information - Clonidine HCL
Catapres Overdose, Contraindications and Information - Clonidine HCL
OVERDOSE
Hypertension may develop early and may be followed by hypotension,
bradycardia, respiratory depression,
hypothermia, drowsiness,
decreased or absent reflexes, weakness, irritability
and miosis. The frequency
of CNS depression
may be higher in children than adults. Large overdoses may result
in reversible cardiac conduction
defects or dysrhythmias, apnea,
coma and seizures. Signs
and symptoms of overdose
generally occur within 30 minutes to two hours after exposure. As
little as 0.1 mg of clonidine
has produced signs of toxicity in children.
There is no specific
antidote for clonidine
overdosage. Clonidine overdosage may result in the rapid development
of CNS depression; therefore,
induction of vomiting
with ipecac syrup
is not recommended. Gastric lavage
may be indicated following recent and/or large ingestions. Administration
of activated charcoal and/or a cathartic
may be beneficial. Supportive care may include atropine sulfate
for bradycardia,
intravenous fluids
and/or vasopressor agents for hypotension
and vasodilators for hypertension. Naloxone may be a useful adjunct
for the management of clonidine- induced
respiratory depression, hypotension
and/or coma; blood pressure
should be monitored since the administration
of naloxone has occasionally resulted in paradoxical hypertension.
Tolazoline administration
has yielded inconsistent results and is not recommended as first-line
therapy. Dialysis is not likely to significantly enhance the elimination
of clonidine.
The largest overdose
reported to date involved a 28-year old male
who ingested 100 mg of clonidine
hydrochloride
powder. This patient
developed hypertension followed by hypotension,
bradycardia, apnea,
hallucinations, semicoma, and premature
ventricular contractions.
The patient fully recovered
after intensive treatment.
Plasma clonidine levels were 60 ng/ml after 1 hour, 190 ng/ml after
1.5 hours, 370 ng/ml after 2 hours, and 120 ng/ml after 5.5 and
6.5 hours. In mice and rats,
the oral LD
50 of clonidine is 206 and 465 mg/kg, respectively.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Clonidine hydrochloride
tablets should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity
to clonidine (see PRECAUTIONS).
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