A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Gantrisin Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Acetyl Sulfisoxazole
Gantrisin Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Acetyl Sulfisoxazole
SIDE EFFECTS
The listing that follows includes adverse reactions both that have been
reported with Gantrisin and some which have not been reported with this
specific drug; however, the pharmacologic similarities among the sulfonamides
require that each of the reactions be considered with the administration
of Gantrisin.
Allergic/ Dermatologic
Anaphylaxis, erythema multiforme
(Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic
epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis,
angioedema, arteritis
and vasculitis, allergic myocarditis, serum
sickness, rash, urticaria,
pruritus, photosensitivity,
and conjunctival and scleral injection,
generalized allergic reactions
and generalized skin eruptions.
In addition, periarteritis
nodosa and systemic lupus erythematosus have been reported (see WARNINGS).
Cardiovascular
Tachycardia, palpitations, syncope,
cyanosis.
Endocrine
The sulfonamides bear certain chemical
similarities to some goitrogens, diuretics (acetazolamide and thiazides)
and oral hypoglycemia
agents. Cross-sensitivity may exist with these agents. Development of
goiter, diuresis
and hypoglycemia have occurred rarely in patients receiving sulfonamides.
Gastrointestinal
Hepatitis, hepatocellular
necrosis, jaundice,
pseudomembranous colitis, nausea, emesis,
anorexia, abdominal
pain, diarrhea,
gastrointestinal
hemorrhage, melena, flatulence,
glossitis, stomatitis,
salivary gland
enlargement, pancreatitis.
Onset of pseudomembranous colitis
symptoms may occur during or after treatment with sulfisoxazole
(see WARNINGS).
Sulfisoxazole has been reported to cause
increased elevations of liver-associated enzymes in patients with hepatitis.
Genitourinary
Crystalluria, hematuria,
BUN and creatinine
elevations, nephritis and
toxic nephrosis with oliguria
and anuria. Acute renal failure
and urinary retention have also been reported. The frequency
of renal complications, commonly
associated with some sulfonamides, is lower in patients receiving the
more soluble sulfonamides
such as sulfisoxazole.
Hematologic
Leukopenia, agranulocytosis,
aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia,
purpura, hemolyticanemia, anemia,
eosinophilia, clotting
disorders including hypoprothrombinemia, and hypofibrinogenemia, sulfhemoglobinemia,
methemoglobinemia.
Musculoskeletal
Arthralgia, myalgia.
Neurologic
Headache, dizziness, peripheral
neuritis, paresthesia,
convulsions, tinnitus, vertigo, ataxia,
intracranial hypertension.
Psychiatric
Psychosis, hallucination,
disorientation, depression,
anxiety, apathy.
Respiratory
Cough, shortness of breath, pulmonary
infiltrates (see WARNINGS).
Vascular
Angioedema, arteritis, vasculitis.
Miscellaneous
Edema (including periorbital), pyrexia,
drowsiness, weakness, fatigue,
lassitude, rigors, flushing, hearing
loss, insomnia, pneumonitis,
chills.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
It has been reported that sulfisoxazole
may prolong the prothrombin time in patients who are receiving anticoagulants,
including warfarin. This interaction should be kept in mind
when Gantrisin is given to patients already on anticoagulant
therapy, and prothrombin
time or other suitable coagulation
test should be monitored.
It has been proposed that sulfisoxazole
competes with thiopental for plasma protein
binding. In one study involving
48 patients, intravenous sulfisoxazole resulted in a decrease in the amount
of thiopental required for anesthesia
and in a shortening of
the awakening time. It is not known whether chronic
oral doses of sulfisoxazole
would have a similar effect. Until more is known about this interaction,
physicians should be aware that patients receiving sulfisoxazole
might require less thiopental for anesthesia.
Sulfonamides can displace methotrexate
from plasma protein-binding
sites, thus increasing free methotrexate
concentrations. Studies in man
have shown sulfisoxazole infusions to decrease plasma
protein-bound methotrexate
by one-fourth.
Sulfisoxazole can also potentiate
the blood sugar
lowering activity of sulfonylureas, as well as cause
hypoglycemia by itself.
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