A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Ultane Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Sevoflurane
Ultane Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Sevoflurane
ULTANEÒ
Sevoflurane
volatile liquid for inhalation
DESCRIPTION
ULTANE (sevoflurane), volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is:
Sevoflurane, Physical Constants are:
|
Molecular weight |
200.05 |
|
Boiling point at 760 mm Hg |
58.6°C |
|
Specific gravity at 20°C |
1.520 - 1.525 |
|
Vapor pressure in mm Hg |
157 mm Hg at 20°C |
| |
197 mm Hg at 25°C |
| |
317 mm Hg at 36°C |
Distribution Partition Coefficients at 37°C:
|
Blood/Gas |
0.63 - 0.69 |
|
Water/Gas |
0.36 |
|
Olive Oil/Gas |
47 - 54 |
|
Brain/Gas |
1.15 |
Mean Component/Gas Partition Coefficients at 25°C for Polymers Used Commonly in Medical Applications:
|
Conductive rubber |
14.0 |
|
Butyl rubber |
7.7 |
|
Polyvinylchloride |
17.4 |
|
Polyethylene |
1.3 |
Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13.
Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions.
The only known degradation reaction in the clinical setting is through direct contact with CO2 absorbents (soda lime and Baralyme®) producing pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B.
The production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Baralyme causes more production of Compound A than does soda lime. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1).
Figure 1: Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System
Sevoflurane degradation in soda lime has been shown to increase
with temperature. Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic,
this temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2
absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle
system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of
temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production
is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2
was added to a circle absorber system.
Figure 2: Carbon Dioxide Flow Versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature
Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum,
nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium.
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