A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Tetanus Toxoid Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Tetanus Toxoid USP
Tetanus Toxoid Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Tetanus Toxoid USP
SIDE EFFECTS
Body System As A Whole
Adverse reactions may be local
and include redness, warmth, edema,
induration with or without tenderness
as well as urticaria,
and rash. Malaise, transient fever, pain,
hypotension, nausea
and arthralgia may
develop in some patients after the injection. Arthus-type hypersensitivity
reactions, characterized by severe local
reactions (generally starting 2 to 8 hours after an injection) may
occur, particularly in persons who have received multiple
prior boosters.1 On rare occasions,
anaphylaxis has
been reported following administration of products containing tetanus
toxoid. Upon review, a report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM)
concluded the evidence
established a causal relationship between tetanus
toxoid and anaphylaxis.12
Deaths have been reported in temporal
association with
the administration of tetanus
toxoid containing vaccines.
Nervous System
The following neurologic illnesses have been reported as temporally
associated with vaccines containing tetanus
toxoid: neurological complications 13,14 including
cochlear lesion,15 brachial plexus
neuropathies,15,16 paralysis of
the radial nerve,17
paralysis of the recurrent nerve,15
accommodation
paresis, Guillain- Barré syndrome,
and EEG disturbances with
encephalopathy. The I.M.
following review of the reports of neurologic events following vaccination
with tetanus toxoid,
DT or Td, concluded the evidence
favored acceptance of a causal relationship between tetanus
toxoid and brachial neuritis
and Guillain- Barré syndrome.12,18
Reporting of Adverse Events
Reporting by parents or guardians of all adverse events after vaccine
administration should be encouraged. Adverse events following immunization
with vaccine should
be reported by health- care providers to the US Department of Health
and Human Services (DHHS) Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
(VAERS). Reporting forms and information about reporting requirements
or completion of the form
can be obtained from VAERS through a toll-free number 1-800-822-7967.7,8,9
Health-care providers also should report
these events to the Director of Medical Affairs, Connaught Laboratories,
Inc., A Pasteur Mérieux Connaught Company, Route 611, PO
Box 187, Swiftwater, PA 18370
or call 1-800-822-2463.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
If passive immunization
for tetanus is needed,
TIG (Human) is the product of choice. It provides longer protection
than antitoxin of
animal origin and causes
few adverse reactions. The currently recommended prophylactic dose
of TIG (Human) for wounds of average
severity is 250 units intramuscularly. When a vaccine
containing tetanus toxoid
is given at the same time
as TIG (Human), separate syringes and separate sites should be used.
The ACIP recommends the use of only adsorbed toxoid
in this situation.1
The vaccine should
be administered subcutaneously in patients on anticoagulant therapy.
Immunosuppressive therapies may reduce
the response to vaccines
(see PRECAUTIONS section).
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