A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Orimune Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
Orimune Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
SIDE EFFECTS
Administration of OPV is
associated with a low incidence
of paralytic poliomyelitis in vaccinees. Also, individuals in close
contact with recently
inoculated vaccinees may be at a small risk
of developing paralytic
poliomyelitis because poliovirus
can be shed in the feces
(and possibly from the pharynx) for 6-8 weeks after OPV
administration. Immunocompromised patients are also susceptible
to this adverse reaction. The incidence
of poliomyelitis is approximately 1 case
per 2.6-5 million doses
of OPV administered. Most
cases of poliomyelitis
occur after the first dose. The risk
of developing paralytic
poliomyelitis has also been associated with intramuscular
injections of medications received 30 days prior to the onset of
paralysis.[926] Intramuscular injections should be avoided for at
least 30 days in patients who have received the poliovirus vaccine
live oral (OPV) or for
60 days in patients who acquired the disease
by contact with vaccine
recipients.
In rare cases, Guillain-Barre syndrome
has occurred after OPV administration,
although a causal relationship has not been established.
Anaphylactic shock has
occurred rarely after OPV
administration
and is manifest as
urticaria, pruritus,
erythematous skin, conjunctivitis,
and sudden or severe fatigue. Cell-mediated, delayed-type allergic
reactions (pruritus and rash) also have occurred but are less severe.
Fever can occur in as many as 5% of recipients receiving the injectable
form of poliovirus
vaccine. Fevers greater than 101.3 degrees F have been reported.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Concomitant administration
of immunosuppressives (corticosteroids, alkylating agents, antimetabolites,
radiation therapy)
can decrease the immunological response to OPV
and potentiate viral
replication. Immunization should be deferred until the completion
of immunosuppressive therapy,
if possible.
When administered within 1 month of other live virus
vaccines (such as MMR), OPV
may not induce an adequate immune
response. Although specific studies of the effect
of simultaneous vaccination
with oral poliovirus vaccine
and other vaccines are not always available, in most cases, simultaneous
vaccination does not pose a problem. Whenever possible, however,
OPV and other live virus
vaccines should be administered at least 1 month apart. The OPV
can be administered concurrently with the following preparations:
hepatitis B vaccines; immune
globulin; D.P. influenza
vaccine (split or whole);
polysaccharide
vaccines (Haemophilus b, meningococcal, and pneumococcal vaccines);
and inactivated vaccines. However, concurrent administration of
OPV with cholera
vaccine, typhoid
vaccine, or plague
vaccine may be associated
with significant
adverse reactions and should be avoided.
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