A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Deconamine Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Studies, Metabolism - Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
Deconamine Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Studies, Metabolism - Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic
narcotic analgesic
and antitussive
with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine.
Most of these involve the central
nervous system
and smooth muscle. Hydrocodone suppresses the cough
reflex by depressing
the medullary cough center.
The precise mechanism of action
of hydrocodone and other opiates is not known, although it is believed
to relate to the existence of opiate
receptors in the central nervous system.
Hydrocodone:
Onset of action: Narcotic analgesic: 10-20 minutes
Duration: 4-8 hours
Distribution: Crosses placenta
Metabolism: Hepatic; O-demethylation;N-demethylation and 6-ketosteroid reduction
Half-life elimation: 3.3-4.4 hours
Excretion: Urine
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
is an orally effective nasal
decongestant that acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa
of the respiratory tract producing vasoconstriction. Pseudoephedrine
shrinks swollen nasal mucous membranes, reduces tissue
hyperemia, edema and nasal
congestion and increases nasal
airway patency. Drainage
of sinus secretions is
increased and obstructed Eustachian ostia may be opened. Pseudoephedrine
produces little if any rebound
congestion.
Pseudoephedrine:
Onset of action: Decongestant: Oral: 15-30 minutes
Duration: Immediate release tablet: 4-6 hours
Extended release: < or equal to 12 hours
Absorption: rapid
Metabolism: Partially hepatic
Half-life elimination: 9-16 hours
Excretion: Urine (70% to 90% as unchanged drug, 1% to 6 % as active norpseudoephedrine)
Guaifenesin is an expectorant
which enhances the flow
of respiratory tract secretions. The enhanced flow
of less viscid secretions
lubricates irritated respiratory
tract membranes, promotes
cilliary action and facilitates
the removal of inspissated
mucus. As a result, sinus
and bronchial drainage
is improved and nonproductive coughs become more productive
and less frequent.
Guaifenesin:
Absorption: well absorbed
Half-life elimination: ~ 1 hour
Excretion: urine (as unchanged drug and metabolites)
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