A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Chromium Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Studies, Metabolism - Chromic Chloride Injection
Chromium Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Studies, Metabolism - Chromic Chloride Injection
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Trivalent chromium is part of glucose tolerance factor, an
essential activator of insulin-mediated reactions. Chromium helps to maintain
normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve function.
Providing chromium during TPN helps prevent deficiency symptoms
including impaired glucose tolerance, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and a confusional
state similar to mild/moderate hepatic encephalopathy.
Serum chromium is bound to transferrin (siderophilin) in the
beta globulin fraction. Typical blood levels for chromium range from 1 to 5
mcg/liter, but blood levels are not considered a meaningful index of tissue
stores. Administration of chromium supplements to chromium-deficient patients
can result in normalization of the glucose tolerance curve from the diabetic-like
curve typical of chromium deficiency. This response is viewed as a more meaningful
indicator of chromium nutriture than serum chromium levels.
Excretion of chromium is via the kidneys, ranging from 3 to
50 mcg/day. Biliary excretion via the small intestine may be an ancillary route,
but only small amounts of chromium are believed to be excreted in this manner.
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