A1,
A2,
B,
C1,
C2,
D,
E,
F,
G-H,
I-K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P1,
P2,
Q-R,
S,
T,
U-V,
W-Z
Omnipen Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Ampicillin
Omnipen Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Ampicillin
SIDE EFFECTS
As with other penicillins, it may be expected that untoward reactions
will be essentially limited to sensitivity
phenomena. They are more likely to occur in individuals who have previously
demonstrated hypersensitivity to penicillin
and in those with a history
of allergy, asthma,
hay fever, or urticaria.
The following adverse reactions have been reported as associated with
the use of ampicillin:
Gastrointestinal: glositis, stamatitis, nausea,
vomiting, enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis,
and diarrhea. These reactions are usually associated with oral
dosage forms of the drugs.
Hypersensitivity Reactions: An
erythematous, mildly pruritic, maculopapular skin
rash has been reported fairly
frequently. The rash, which usually does not develop within the first
week of therapy, may cover
the entire body including the
soles, palms, and oral mucosa.
The eruption usually disappears in three to seven days.
Other hypersensitivity
reactions that have been reported are: skin
rash, pruritus, urticaria,
erythema multiforme, and
an occasional case of exfoliative
dermatitis. Anaphylaxis is the most serious reaction
experienced and has usually been associated with the parenteral
dosage form
of the drug
Note: Urticaria, other skin
rashes, and serum sickness-like
reactions may be controlled by antihistamines, and if necessary, systemic
corticosteroids. Whenever such reactions occur, ampicillin
should be discontinued unless, in the opinion of the physician,
the condition being treated
is life-threatening, and amenable only to ampicillin
therapy. Serious anaphylactoid reactions require emergency
measures (see WARNINGS).
Liver: Moderate elevation
in serum glutamic oxalaacetic
transaminase (SGOT) has been noted, but the significance of this finding
is unknown.
Hemic and Lymphatic Systems: Anemia, thrombocytopenia,
thrombocytopenic purpura,
eosinophilia, leukapenia,
and agranulacytosis have been reported during therapy
with penicillins. These reactions are usually reversible
on discontinuation of therapy
and are believed to be hypersensitivity phenomena.
Other: Other adverse reactions that have been reported
with the use at ampicillin
are laryngeal stride and
high fever. An occasional patient
may complain of sore mouth
or tongue as with any oral
penicillin preparation.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
When administered concurrently, the following drugs may interact with
ampicillin.
Allopurinol: Increased possibility of skin
rash, particularly in hyperuricemic
patients may occur.
Bacteriostatic Antibiotics: Chloramphenicol, erythromycins,
sulfonamides, or tetracyclines may interfere with the bactericidal
effect of penicillins. This has been demonstrated in view, however, the
clinical significance of this interaction is not well documented.
Oral Contraceptives: May be less effective and increased
breakthrough bleeding may
occur.
Probenecid: May decrease renal
tubular secretion
of ampicillin resulting in increased blood
levels and/or ampicillin
toxicity.
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